Poids Lourds – Électriques

Useful information

Dernière mise à jour 11/12/2025

The “Electric HGVs - Regional” section contains information on electric HGVs, road tractors and 19T “all-battery” rigids used in regional transport.

The CNR has published a study entitled “All-electric industrial vehicle” réunissant des informations utiles aux transporteurs routiers de marchandises se préparant à investir dans des véhicules industriels électriques. Cette étude est une synthèse des informations recueillies auprès de transporteurs exploitant des véhicules électriques, de constructeurs, de rapports reconnus sur le sujet. On y trouve notamment des statistiques sur le parc français de véhicules industriels électriques, sur le fonctionnement du marché de l’électricité, sur les taxes spécifiques appliquées à cette énergie, sur les enjeux pour les transporteurs du raccordement de leurs dépôts et de l’installation des bornes de recharges. Les différents dispositifs d’aides mis en place par l’État : suramortissement du véhicule, bonus écologique, primes accordées pour l’installation de bornes de recharge sont également documentés. En fin de ce document, le CNR propose des estimations de coût d’exploitation de véhicules industriels électriques (poids lourds et VUL) affichées également dans les tableaux ci-après.

Profiles based on interviews conducted by the CNR with a limited number of transport companies operating electric tractors. The information collected (e.g. equipment prices) was cross-checked with other sources. Certain key values, such as the vehicle's annual mileage, were calculated using econometric modelling (simulation). Others were derived from data provided by manufacturers or recognised official reports. The choice of variables relating to the operating conditions of electric vehicles (energy and equipment prices, battery and terminal power, etc.) has a significant impact on the cost price. There is a wide dispersion in electricity prices, which can vary significantly depending on factors such as high price volatility, which is very sensitive to geopolitical events, weather conditions, etc. These tariffs also depend on companies' negotiating power. At the beginning of 2024, particularly in the ‘heavy’ sector, the use of electric vehicles by transport companies is still very rare, making it impossible to define standards. The cost estimates presented correspond to specific cases of use that cannot be generalised.

Hypotheses

Regional joint venture
19-tonne electric truck for regional transport

Deposit fee
One charge per day

Energy costs: rates observed over the last 12 months

Low case: €0.15/kWh: rate observed for carriers handling large volumes and/or having negotiated during favorable periods
Blue tariff (June 2024): €0.2047/kWh
High case: €0.40/kWh: rate observed for carriers handling low volumes and/or having negotiated during unfavorable periods.

Vehicle costs
The costs of the terminal and its installation
Maintenance, repair and tyre costs
Insurance costs
Axle tax

Due to the wide variety of cases, the following costs have not been included in the simulations. To assess these costs, each carrier must evaluate its own situation, taking into account the operating characteristics of the service envisaged. These characteristics are particularly decisive in calculating the cost price for an electric vehicle.

Driver costs: without sector-specific survey data, the CNR does not know how drivers' working hours are divided (driving time and other time). The vehicle's limited daily range requires the company to have a specific organization in terms of its refueling strategy (recharging at the depot, while on the road, during the day, at night, etc.) and the human resources assigned to it.
Structural costs: without sector-specific survey data, the CNR does not know the nature of certain specific structural costs, such as those related to personnel dedicated to the operation of electric vehicles, their training, specific facilities or equipment, maintenance of premises, insurance for premises, etc.
The costs of connecting to the electricity grid, which vary depending on the power required and the geographical location of the site, would likely be included in the structural costs.
Highway toll costs.

Vehicle depreciation allowance (corporate tax rate: 25%): due to possible restrictions on eligibility for this aid (taxable income and de minimis rule), the CNR presents simulations with and without the depreciation allowance.
Incentives for installing charging stations

Estimating vehicle operating costs



REGIONAL	ARTICULATED ASSEMBLY 44 T			COMMENTS
Parameters of the selected profile - values for December 2023 except for energy (see assumptions above)
Vehicle operation (days/year)	238,2			Hypothesis, same as REG EA diesel fuel survey
Annual mileage (km/year)	71 490			Annual mileage (theoretical) of the vehicle determined based on the maximum daily range of the vehicle on a single charge and the number of days the vehicle is in operation.
Battery pack capacity (kWh/h)	540			6 packs of 90 kWh
Payload (ton)	27			Bonus of 2 tons included. The weight of the vehicle and its payload vary greatly depending on the battery pack and the technology used by manufacturers.
Vehicle shelf life + battery pack (years)	8			Survey data
Fuel consumption (kWh/100 km)	130			Task Force Reference Value
Vehicle range (km)	300			Manufacturer's data. The vehicle's range depends on the capacity of the battery packs and consumption.
Energy cost (€/kWh)	0,1500	0,2047	0,4000
Vehicle purchase cost before subsidies (€)	189 025			Survey data
Cost of battery pack before subsidies (€)	156 600			Survey data
Cost of 150 kW charging station before subsidies (€)	110 000			Survey data. Installation and configuration included. Not included: cost of electrical connection, which varies depending on the power required and the geographical location of the site.
Cost components: annual total
Tractor ownership (€/year)	With accelerated depreciation 40 669	Without accelerated depreciation 44 989		Aid retained with accelerated depreciation: 40% spread over the useful life of the complete vehicle (chassis + engine + battery). Corporate income tax rate retained: 25%.
Semi-trailer storage (€/year)	4 415			Hypothesis, same as REG EA diesel fuel survey
Energy (€/year)	13 941	19 024	37 175	See assumptions above
Maintenance and repairs (€/year)	7 292			Hypothesis, same as REG EA diesel fuel survey
Tires (€/year)	2 502			Hypothesis, same as REG EA diesel fuel survey
Taxes (€/year)	516			Hypothesis, same as REG EA diesel fuel survey
Terminal (€/year)	1 627			Aid granted: subsidy for the installation of charging stations: 50% of the investment cost, up to a maximum of €15,000 excluding VAT. Amortization period: 20 years, financing period: 8 years. 3.3 vehicles charged per station over a 12-hour period.
Insurance (€/year)	7 778			Based on the known insurance cost for a diesel vehicle, the CNR determines the insurance cost for the electric vehicle (chassis + motor + battery pack) by applying proportionality between the costs of the vehicles.
Operating cost (excluding driver, structural costs, tolls)
Annual total with accelerated depreciation (€/year)	78 739	83 822	101 973	See assumptions above
Annual total without accelerated depreciation (€/year)	83 059	83 822	106 293	See assumptions above



REGIONAL	CARRIER 19 T			COMMENTS
Parameters of the selected profile - values for December 2023 except for energy (see assumptions above)
Vehicle operation (days/year)	220			Survey data
Annual mileage (km/year)	44 000			Annual mileage (theoretical) of the vehicle determined based on the maximum daily range of the vehicle on a single charge and the number of days the vehicle is in operation.
Battery pack capacity (kWh/h)	376			4 packs of 94 kWh
Payload (ton)	11			Bonus of 2 tons included. The weight of the vehicle and its payload vary greatly depending on the battery pack and the technology used by manufacturers.
Vehicle shelf life + battery pack (years)	8			Survey data
Fuel consumption (kWh/100 km)	100			Task Force Reference Value
Vehicle range (km)	200			Manufacturer's data. The vehicle's range depends on the capacity of the battery packs and consumption.
Energy cost (€/kWh)	0,1500	0,2047	0,4000	See assumptions above
Vehicle purchase cost before subsidies (€)	190 960			Survey data
Cost of battery pack before subsidies (€)	109 040			Survey data
Cost of 150 kW charging station before subsidies (€)	110 000			Survey data. Installation and configuration included. Not included: cost of electrical connection, which varies depending on the power required and the geographical location of the site.
Cost components: annual total
Detention (€/year)	With accelerated depreciation 34,807	Without accelerated depreciation 40,502		Aid retained with accelerated depreciation: 40% spread over the useful life of the complete vehicle (chassis + engine + battery). Corporate income tax rate retained: 25%.
Energy (€/year)	6 600	9 007	17 600	See assumptions above
Maintenance and repairs (€/year)	5 192			Survey data
Tires (€/year)	1 100			Survey data
Taxes (€/year)	124			Annual tax on heavy vehicles (formerly axle tax).
Terminal (€/year)	1 133			Aid granted: subsidy for the installation of charging stations: 50% of the investment cost, up to a maximum of €15,000 excluding VAT. Amortization period: 20 years, financing period: 8 years. 4.8 vehicles charged per station over a 12-hour period.
Insurance (€/year)	6 220			Based on the known insurance cost for a diesel vehicle, the CNR determines the insurance cost for the electric vehicle (chassis + motor + battery pack) by applying proportionality between the costs of the vehicles.
Operating cost (excluding driver, structural costs, tolls)
Annual total with over-depreciation (€/year)	55 176	57 583	66 176	See assumptions above
Annual total without over-amortisation (€/year)	60 871	63 278	71 871	See assumptions above